Until as late as 1786, physicians in London could officially prescribe mithridate. According to Simon Kellwaye (1593), one should "take a great Onyon, make a hole in the myddle of him, then fill the place with Mitridat or Triacle, and some leaues of Rue". In the Middle Ages, mithridate was also used as part of a regimen to ward off potential threats of plague. After realizing the anti-toxic effects of snake meat, Andromachus made Faroug antidote with changes in the previous formulas. It likely underwent considerable alterations since the time of Mithridates. It was translated into Latin by Pompey's freedman Lenaeus, and later improved upon by Nero's physician Andromachus and Marcus Aurelius' physician Galen. The recipe for the reputed antidote was found in his cabinet, written with his own hand, and was carried to Rome by Pompey. Mithridate takes its name from its inventor, Mithridates VI, king of the ancient Anatolian Kingdom of Pontus (134 to 63 BC), who is said to have so fortified his body against poisons with antidotes and preservatives that when he tried to kill himself, he could not find any poison that would have an effect, and, according to some legends, had to ask a soldier to run him through with a sword.
An updated recipe called theriac ( Theriacum Andromachi) was known well into the 19th century. It was one of the most complex and highly sought-after drugs during the Middle Ages and Renaissance, particularly in Italy and France, where it was in continual use for centuries. Mithridate, also known as mithridatium, mithridatum, or mithridaticum, is a semi-mythical remedy with as many as 65 ingredients, used as an antidote for poisoning, and said to have been created by Mithridates VI Eupator of Pontus in the 1st century BC. Elaborately gilded drug jar for storing mithridate.
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